The legal driving age in Illinois should be raised from 16 Research Paper

The legal driving age in Illinois should be raised from 16 - Research Paper Example Even though many reasons were cited for increasing number of car accidents, the major reasons are underage driving, drink driving or driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs etc. Even though in many of the American states, the legal driving age is 18, Illinois is one state in America in which the driving age is fixed to 16. The increasing car accident statistics from Illinois clearly point towards the necessities of raising legal driving age from 16. This paper briefly analyses the necessities of raising legal driving age from 16 in Illinois. Problems associated with driving at the age of 16 â€Å"According to a recent study by American Automobile Association, 30917 fatalities over the last ten years were the result of crashes involves drivers ages 15-17 years old† (Peters, 2007). Driving is a dangerous act and it is not a childish play since we consider the consequences of accidents. Accidents can take the lives of the driver, fellow passengers and other innocent peopl e on the road. It is ethically wrong to give the control of a vehicle in the hands of an immature person. Age sixteen, under no means is a matured age. Even for getting voting rights, completion of eighteen years of age is necessary in America. In other words, American administration believes that a person under the age of eighteen is incapable of taking sound or matured decisions. In American military, only people who crossed eighteen years of age are admitted. The legal drink age is fixed at eighteen years in most of the American states. The above examples clearly show that a person below eighteen years of age is incapable of handling tough situations and taking sound decisions. Driving is an act which requires continuous decision making. Any immature decision taken at the wrong time can cause accidents on and off the road. Under such circumstances, it is better to give the control of steering to people who crossed at least eighteen years of age. â€Å"Empirically, a number of re ports and survey show that the accidents prevalence rates among the underage drivers was very high and a greet cause of concern among parents and authorities† (Wilson, 2010). Driving a vehicle can be very dangerous for someone not having the proper experience and knowledge about the rules and regulations given by the state. Before being given a driver license a person should have completed certain age. The legal driving age set by the state Illinois is too low when we consider the complexities in driving a vehicle. Mind, hands and legs of the driver should be coordinated properly for ensuring safe driving. It is difficult for the children of age sixteen to get better coordination of mind, hands and legs. Moreover, it is difficult for the teenagers to take sound driving decisions. For example, teenagers like to drive their vehicle as fast as they can. They may not think properly about their steering or vehicle controlling abilities or the probabilities of accidents. Unnecessary overtaking and injudicious decision making while overtaking can cause big accidents. â€Å"Driving while either intoxicated or drunk is dangerous and drivers with high blood alcohol content or concentration (BAC) are at greatly increased risk of car accidents, highway injuries and vehicular deaths†(Drinking and driving, 2009). Most of the children in America taste the drinks even at an early age of below twelve years. Those who attracted by the

The human body Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

The human body - Essay Example Brain, nerves & spinal cord. Functions to provide strength and connections to move the arm or leg or to make the facial expressions. Muscles cover almost every bone of the body except fingers and teeth and skull. It also help in Maintaining posture & generate heat by shivering. Pumps blood to each part of the body. Takes oxygen from the lungs and transports it to the each part of the body and carry carbon dioxide that is released through respiration. Heart, veins and arteries. Skin has millions of sensory nerves that send information to the brain; the information regarding the environment, temperature, etc. If the brain senses that the temperature is a bit higher than the body temperature, brain sends signal to the sweat gland to open and cool the body. In some cases, the brain sends signal to the muscles connected to skin hair to contract or expand according to the environment or other condition. At 25 years the body functions seem to be efficiently functional. On the other hand considering the daily working of the 25 year person is moving door to door to distribute the leaflets and take part in the other programs as organized by the charity. The muscles (muscular system) in the body particularly the leg muscles require much oxygenated blood in order to work efficiently. The oxygenated blood is transported by the cardiovascular system and the heart pumps the blood as faster as the oxygen is required. Oxygen is supplied through the respiratory system. The respiratory system fills the blood with oxygen. It is common fact that the respiratory system and cardiovascular system synchronize in a proper manner. The rate of respiration increases as the demand for oxygen increases. On the other hand, as the muscular system uses more oxygen it produces more carbon-dioxide that is also released through respiratory process. All these functions are controlled by the brain that informs the heats to pump faster

How do the qualities of reading practices outlined in McKenzie and Essay

How do the qualities of reading practices outlined in McKenzie and Grafton and Jardine's texts enable imperialism How did rea - Essay Example A discussion on the various qualities of reading practices helps in a historical understanding of the ways in which humanistic-ally trained readers assimilated and responded to imperialism and political change. For example, the introduction of printed text to the Maori people in New Zealand had a crucial influence on their understanding of the Treaty of Waitangi. In other words, the reading practices of the Maori had a critical influence on the meaning of imperialism and political change in the region. This paper makes a reflective exploration of how the qualities of reading practices outlined in McKenzie and Grafton and Jardine’s texts enable imperialism. One of the major studies of the principles of bibliography, Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts by D.F. McKenzie establishes that the material form of texts remarkably determines their meanings. According to McKenzie, texts take on different forms and meanings as they are reproduced and re-read. He maintains that a reade r in the pursuit of historical meanings moves from â€Å"the most minute feature of the material form of the book to questions of authorial, literary, and social context. These all bear in turn on the ways in which texts are then re-read, re-edited, re-designed, re-printed, and re-published. If a history of readings is made possible only by a comparative history of books, it is equally true that a history of books will have no point if it fails to account for the meanings they later come to make.† (McKenzie, 1999, p. 23). The meaning gained in the beginning is completely changed in the reading of the new forms of the text which is re-read, re-edited, re-designed, re-printed, and re-published. Therefore, one’s reading practice is influenced by the material form of the book which, in turn, affects the meaning of the text. Lisa Jardine and Anthony Grafton’s seminal article â€Å"‘Studied for Action’: How Gabriel Harvey Read His Livy† is a classi c example of how reading practice can influence one’s understanding and meaning of the text. Based on an exploration of how Gabriel Harvey practiced the reading of Livy, Jardine and Grafton establish that Harvey’s interpretation of Livy is considerably changed each time he reads it with different purposes in his mind. The article maintains that the different reading practices carried out by Harvey led to different outcomes. In fact, the different reading practices can lead to different meanings of the same text and this fluctuation in the meaning can affect the overall outcome of the reading practice. â€Å"Thus critical reading, skillful annotation and active appropriation emerge as the central skills, not just of the student of history, but of the intellectual tout court. Reading always leads to action – but only proper reading in the manner of a Gabriel Harvey.† (Jardine and Grafton, 1990, p. 76). According to Jardine and Grafton, the early modern read ers used to actively reinterpret their texts rather than passively receive it. In this article, the authors provide a convincing illustration of how the ‘reading as intended to give rise to something else’ can influence the meaning of the text and, in turn, affect political changes. To them, scholarly reading has always been goal-oriented and conducted under conditions of strenuous attentiveness. Therefore, â€Å"

Consert report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consert report - Essay Example 4 separate Concertos Spring: Allegro, largo, Allegro Summer: Allegro non molto, Allegro, Adagio, Presto Autumn: Allegro, Adagio non molto, Allegro Winter: Allegro non molto, Largo, Allegro They were short and the music showed as if we were listening to the different seasons. Summer and Spring had the storms. About one minute after the allegro, perhaps at the non molto, the storm started. It kept starting and stopping Mozart Piano Concerto NÂ ° 12 K 414 about 25 minutes. Each movement was much longer than the Vivaldi. It was strange the comparison. I thought the Concerto form had 4 movements. Allegro Adante Allegretto. It sounded as though Mozart was making fun of us at several momemts. Vivaldi is known as the red priest because of his flaming red hair. In paintings he was shown wearing a wig. His Four Seasons is a perfect example of programmed music. It was unheard of at the time. Beethoven would be the next person to use it in his Pastoral symphony. Vivaldi received his first music al training from his father but was initially ordained as a priest. He was dismissed from the priesthood after a year and was able to devote his life to music. In the 17th century it was part of any religious training to have complete musical training. The girls orphanage had over a thousand girls who were trained to become nuns. This provided Vivaldi with an abundance of talented girls to with whom he had access to a constant orchestra and girls who could play a multitude of instruments. Perhaps this is why he was such a prolific composer. He set the precedent of baroque concerto of three movements ABA or allegro andante allegro leading to the longer classical concerto. Bach admired his work but it was only in the 20th century that many scores were found hidden in Turin, Italy. http://www.classicalnotes.net/classics/vivaldi.html The Four Seasons were published in 1725 but Vivaldi alluded that they had been written well before. They were four concerto out of 12 to be published for t his patron. He actually wrote over 500 concerti in all. The theory that Vivaldi wrote the sonnets which correspond to the concertos is only confirmed on the basis that each sonnet is divided into three parts explaining to the player how the music is to be interpreted. There are some who say they were written afterwards http://www.sanbernardinosymphony.org/PDF's/ProgramNotesJan11.pdf Mozart's Piano Concerto NÂ ° 12 K414 represents one of his first compositions after he moved to Vienna. Mozart's father was his most avid fan, his teacher and his friend. He was opposed to his moving from his secure post in Salzburg to Vienna and basically become a freelance musician. It was common for musicians and composers to travel from London, Paris and Vienna in the 18th century. This is why so many different styles and influences of difference composers were part of the classical scene. http//www.questia.com/History Of Western Music Groves. 2001 New York Norton. In the last years of his life, he wanted to write something different and wrote the Vienna Concertos. "In Writing his father in 1782, the

How do the qualities of reading practices outlined in McKenzie and Essay

How do the qualities of reading practices outlined in McKenzie and Grafton and Jardine's texts enable imperialism How did rea - Essay Example A discussion on the various qualities of reading practices helps in a historical understanding of the ways in which humanistic-ally trained readers assimilated and responded to imperialism and political change. For example, the introduction of printed text to the Maori people in New Zealand had a crucial influence on their understanding of the Treaty of Waitangi. In other words, the reading practices of the Maori had a critical influence on the meaning of imperialism and political change in the region. This paper makes a reflective exploration of how the qualities of reading practices outlined in McKenzie and Grafton and Jardine’s texts enable imperialism. One of the major studies of the principles of bibliography, Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts by D.F. McKenzie establishes that the material form of texts remarkably determines their meanings. According to McKenzie, texts take on different forms and meanings as they are reproduced and re-read. He maintains that a reade r in the pursuit of historical meanings moves from â€Å"the most minute feature of the material form of the book to questions of authorial, literary, and social context. These all bear in turn on the ways in which texts are then re-read, re-edited, re-designed, re-printed, and re-published. If a history of readings is made possible only by a comparative history of books, it is equally true that a history of books will have no point if it fails to account for the meanings they later come to make.† (McKenzie, 1999, p. 23). The meaning gained in the beginning is completely changed in the reading of the new forms of the text which is re-read, re-edited, re-designed, re-printed, and re-published. Therefore, one’s reading practice is influenced by the material form of the book which, in turn, affects the meaning of the text. Lisa Jardine and Anthony Grafton’s seminal article â€Å"‘Studied for Action’: How Gabriel Harvey Read His Livy† is a classi c example of how reading practice can influence one’s understanding and meaning of the text. Based on an exploration of how Gabriel Harvey practiced the reading of Livy, Jardine and Grafton establish that Harvey’s interpretation of Livy is considerably changed each time he reads it with different purposes in his mind. The article maintains that the different reading practices carried out by Harvey led to different outcomes. In fact, the different reading practices can lead to different meanings of the same text and this fluctuation in the meaning can affect the overall outcome of the reading practice. â€Å"Thus critical reading, skillful annotation and active appropriation emerge as the central skills, not just of the student of history, but of the intellectual tout court. Reading always leads to action – but only proper reading in the manner of a Gabriel Harvey.† (Jardine and Grafton, 1990, p. 76). According to Jardine and Grafton, the early modern read ers used to actively reinterpret their texts rather than passively receive it. In this article, the authors provide a convincing illustration of how the ‘reading as intended to give rise to something else’ can influence the meaning of the text and, in turn, affect political changes. To them, scholarly reading has always been goal-oriented and conducted under conditions of strenuous attentiveness. Therefore, â€Å"

Principles of Political Liberalism Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Principles of Political Liberalism - Article Example In Political liberalism, all processes, the society revolves to further the ends of the individuals, who are considered as the center of all laws and institutions. Ranks imposed by the society and its institutions such as monarchy, government and businesses are held in less favor to the rights of the individuals to which the society and these institutions are based on. In Political Liberalism, it is the individuals who make the laws and norms of the society. Such characteristic is reminiscent although in a slightly different manner, of the previous ideas on social contract as thought of by Hobbes in his Leviathan and Rousseau in his treatise, The Social Contract. Basically, the social contract3 holds that it is the individuals who make the laws to which they agree to abide by, under the premise that individuals have the knowledge of what is best for them. In other words, while the individuals are the basis of the laws, the individuals who collectively agree to abide by the law are each under the rule of the said law and have equal rights regardless of age, sex, race, economic and social status. Whereas in classical liberalism, such as in Hobbes' Leviathan, social contract3 refers to the subordination of individuals to the sovereign, particularly the one who governs, to which they are bound to by the consent under the "contract", the modern Political liberalism's emphasis on individualism is in opposition to such stand. Rousseau, in his Social Contract, posits that each individual is a member of the collective and must submit not to the government but to the general will without regard to the individual interest, for the good of the society, thus, the term popular sovereignty. The principles of modern Political liberalism, however, are most commonly associated with the works and theories of John Rawl4. In general, the Political Liberalist theories of Rawl assume a position on justice as well as an idea of fairness that can be related to the economic game theory. It aims to provide answers to current issues on the political stability as a result of pluralism (Blunden 2003) by generating an ideal for a society founded on justice through concepts on citizenship and political education (Callan 1997). According to Larmore (1990), Political liberalism has been dealing with two main problems. One of which is the problem of defining the limits to the power of the government which by essence limits the freedom and respect accorded to each individual and thereby limiting the conditions in which each would be enabled with self-realization and fulfillment (Young 2002). Given the known plurality of ideas, which could almost always be contradicting, the problem lies in the difficulty in defining the limits to which the individuals can agree on (Young 2002). The second problem, according to Larmore (1990) is the identification of the ideas and values that would represent the general will or the common good. In other words, it is the presence and necessity of pluralism and diversity that makes the aims of Political liberalism difficult to achieve. The challenge to Political liberalism now is to create a set of principles that would target justice without impairing diversity. As it is, the principles of Political liberalism are set to avoid any threat to diversity and with consideration to such diversity that characterizes

A comparison of three front pages of national daily newspapers Essay Example for Free

A comparison of three front pages of national daily newspapers Essay As I flick through different newspapers, I come across all sorts of different articles and I notice that each newspaper does not contain completely different stories from the next. When comparing these stories, I discover that perhaps some of the information differs, the perspective will change and the style in which each story is written can make the reader think about all sorts of different aspects of the event. Having been given the task of comparing three tabloid newspapers front covers, I bought The Sun, Daily Mail, and the Daily Star all covering an event, which took place on Monday November 12 2001. A jet crashed in New York, America, causing the death of 255 civilians Each of the newspapers are national daily tabloid newspapers, therefore the target audience of all three papers are all quite similar tabloid newspapers tend to target people that are fairly young, perhaps 20-40, people that dont want to know each story in a tremendous amount of detail, but tend to flick through newspapers, picking out and reading sections of articles that interest them. Gossip columns, problem pages, stars lives, television listings etc are usually included in tabloids to interest the target audience. I will now discuss the three newspapers and how they differ from one another. The first newspaper I will be describing the journalistic style of, is The Sun. Reading through the first few paragraphs of this newspaper, descriptive words are used to create the scene in your mind, however, the journalist, Brian Flynn, also cleverly incorporates the most important details of the story, without destroying the image of the incident: Terrified passengers on the jet that crashed in New York yesterday were seen screaming at its windows seconds before they died. This is the opening paragraph of the story. Within the first 21 words, the readers are automatically informed of the event itself, the whereabouts of the crash and also when it took place, and still Flynn is managing to create a picture of the screaming, terrified passengers. It is difficult to discuss how the paragraph lengths fluctuate due to the fact that there are only 4 short paragraphs on the front cover. Each one of them is about the same size, the first summarising the events of November 12th, the second creates a link between the events and those of September 11th, the third giving a little more detail about the airlines and finally the looks at a specific aspect of the event and talks to a witness. The Daily Mail, a middle market paper, on the other hand, takes a very different approach. The most vital facts of the incident were not even discussed until the fifth paragraph, instead the journalist, Daniel Jeffreys, focuses on the impact that the event had on the American people: The shock hit New York like a sudden ice storm, freezing people where they stood. This opening paragraph, in my opinion, is a lot more effective than The Suns. When a person would read the first three paragraphs of this story, a great deal more interest and concern will be created. This is because this is an unusual way of starting, the most important details of the event are usually thrown into the first paragraph, when a person reads this they realise that this article is written like all the others find themselves wanting to read on. Due to the fact a lot of the readers tend to scan read the articles and not probably read every single story, the journalist deliberately uses emotive language to slow the reader down and get them to properly read the article and take in everything the journalist writes. This effect would not be achieved if the events were summarised into short concise sentences. Some of the journalists words are powerful and moving: Their faces, drained of colour It is not typical of a newspaper journalist to write such a thing, but this skilfully forms an image, an image that the audience could easily relate to, therefore I think the use of emotive language makes the readers understand the full impact of the atrocities. When the more important information is mentioned, it is steadily and subtly fed into the story. By the ninth paragraph, all the 5Ws (who, what, when, where, why) and the H (how) had all been explained. I think the journalist has deliberately done this to sustain the readers interest. If all the most information was in the first paragraph the reader would simply skip to the next story because they would be satisfied with what they know. The first three paragraphs are kept short, averaging 16 words in each. After that, the paragraphs get gradually longer, peaking at 43 words towards the end of the article. The readers concentration span will gradually expand during the story, therefore if the longest sentences were used at the very beginning of the story, the reader would loose interest and stop reading straight away, but because the sentence length gradually expand as the story develops, the reader can cope with the information they are receiving. My third source is the Daily Star. This storys beginning is concise and very brief, informing readers of the vital points within the first paragraph. The first four paragraphs, which appear on the front page of the Daily Star, are bullet pointed, each makes a different point, giving us a little more information on the event. This allows the readers to know the main details and gives them the choice to read on. Each of the paragraphs that appear on the front cover, are on average 25 words long. The sentences are kept fairly long; neither the sentence or paragraph lengths dramatically change throughout the part of the story that is on the front cover. On this particular paper, the headline is about 4 times as big as the story, therefore the headline would have to be extremely attention-grabbing, because this is the first thing the purchaser of the newspaper will read. The Stars headline is Terror Returns. I think this is very appropriate, because after the terrorist attacks on America, everyone compared the events of November 12th to those of September 11th. Because the headline is large and bold it is very eye-catching, this means the headline will have to be very effective. The headline is short and simple, but because of this, the two words emphasise the severity and importance of the event.